URLTA
Full text of Tennessee’s Uniform Residential Landlord Tenant Act, which regulates rental housing in TN.
The Tennessee Code Annotated contains all state laws for Tennessee. The TCA is available free online, but the website can be sluggish and difficult to use. Below is the 2021 version of Tennessee’s Uniform Residential Landlord Tenant Act.
Title 66 Property > Chapter 28 Uniform Residential Landlord Tenant Act
Part 1 General Provisions
66-28-101. Short title.
This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the “Uniform Residential Landlord and Tenant Act.”
66-28-102. Application — Preemption.
(a) This chapter applies only in counties having a population of more than seventy-five thousand (75,000), according to the 2010 federal census.
(b) This chapter applies to rental agreements entered into or extended or renewed after July 1, 1975. Transactions entered into before July 1, 1975, and not extended or renewed after that date, and the rights, duties and interests flowing from them remain valid and may be terminated, completed, consummated, or enforced as required or permitted by any statute or other law amended or repealed by this chapter as though the amendment or repeal has not occurred.
(c) Unless created to avoid the application of this chapter, the following arrangements are not governed by this chapter:
- (1) Residence at an institution, public or private, if incidental to detention or the provision of medical, geriatric, educational, counseling, religious, or similar service;
- (2) Occupancy under a contract of sale of a dwelling unit or the property of which it is a part, if the occupant is the purchaser or a person who succeeds to the purchaser’s interest;
- (3) Transient occupancy in a hotel, or motel or lodgings subject to city, state, transient lodgings or room occupancy under the Excise Tax Act, compiled in title 67, chapter 4, part 20;
- (4) Occupancy by an owner of a condominium unit or a holder of a proprietary lease in a cooperative; or
- (5) Occupancy under a rental agreement covering premises used by the occupant primarily for agricultural purposes.
(d) This chapter shall not apply to any occupancy in a public housing unit or other housing unit that is subject to regulation by the department of housing and urban development and owned by a governmental entity or non-profit corporation to the extent such regulation conflicts with state law, but shall apply to the extent that any such regulations defer to the application of state law.
(e) In the counties in which this chapter applies, this chapter occupies and preempts the entire field of legislation concerning the regulation of landlords and tenants. The governing body of a county subject to this chapter shall not enact or enforce regulations that conflict with, or are an addition to, this chapter.
66-28-103. Purposes — Rules of construction.
(a) This chapter shall be liberally construed and applied to promote its underlying purposes and policies.
(b) Underlying purposes and policies of this chapter are to:
- (1) Simplify, clarify, modernize and revise the law governing the rental of dwelling units and the rights and obligations of landlord and tenant;
- (2) Encourage landlord and tenant to maintain and improve the quality of housing;
- (3) Promote equal protection to all parties; and
- (4) Make uniform the law in Tennessee.
(c) Unless displaced by this chapter, the principles of law and equity, including the law relating to capacity to contract, health, safety and fire prevention, estoppel, fraud, misrepresentation, duress, coercion, mistake, bankruptcy, or other validating or invalidating cause supplement its provisions.
(d) This chapter being a general chapter intended as a unified coverage of its subject matter, no part of it is to be construed as impliedly repealed by subsequent legislation if that construction can reasonably be avoided.
66-28-104. Chapter definitions.
Subject to additional definitions contained in this chapter, which apply to specific portions of this chapter, and unless the context otherwise requires, in this chapter:
(1) “Action” means recoupment, counterclaim, set-off, suit in equity, and any other proceeding in which rights are determined, including an action for possession;
(2) “Building and housing codes” means any law, ordinance, or governmental regulation concerning fitness for habitation, or the construction, maintenance, operation, occupancy, use, or appearance of any premises, or dwelling unit;
(3) “Dwelling unit” means a structure or the part of a structure that is used as a home, residence, or sleeping place by one (1) person who maintains a household or by two (2) or more persons who maintain a common household;
(4) “Good faith” means honesty in fact in the conduct of the transaction concerned;
(5) “Landlord” means the owner, lessor, or sublessor of the dwelling unit or the building of which it is a part, and it also means a manager of the premises who fails to disclose as required by §66-28-302;
(6) “Manager” means an individual, group, business, or organization hired by a landlord or owner to oversee the day-to-day operations of a premises;
(7) “Nuisance vehicle” means any vehicle that is incapable of operating under its own power and is detrimental to the health, welfare or safety of persons in the community;
(8) “Organization” means a corporation, government, governmental subdivision or agency, business trust, estate, trust, partnership or association, two (2) or more persons having a joint or common interest, and any other legal or commercial entity;
(9)
- (A) “Owner” means one (1) or more persons, jointly or severally, in whom is vested:
- (i) All or part of the legal title to property; or
- (ii) All or part of the beneficial ownership and a right to the present use and enjoyment of the premises;
- (B) “Owner” also means a mortgagee in possession;
(10) “Person” means an individual or organization;
(11) “Premises” means a dwelling unit and the structure of which it is a part and facilities and appurtenances therein and grounds, areas and facilities held out for the use of tenants generally or whose use is promised to the tenant;
(12) “Rental agreement” means all agreements, written or oral, and valid rules and regulations adopted under §66-28-402 embodying the terms and conditions concerning the use and occupancy of a dwelling unit and premises;
(13) “Rents” means all payments to be made to the landlord under the rental agreement;
(14)
- (A) “Security deposit” means an escrow payment made to the landlord under the rental agreement for the purpose of securing the landlord against financial loss due to damage to the premises occasioned by the tenant’s occupancy other than ordinary wear and tear and any monetary damage due to the tenant’s breach of the rental agreement;
- (B) “Security deposit” shall in no way infer that the landlord is providing any service for the personal protection or safety of the tenant beyond that prescribed by law;
(15) “Substantially impaired” means that a dwelling unit or premises has been deemed unfit for human habitation by a governmental authority;
(16) “Tenant” means a person entitled under a rental agreement to occupy a dwelling unit to the exclusion of others;
(17) “Unauthorized vehicle” means a vehicle that is not registered to a tenant, an occupant or a tenant’s known guest, and has remained for more than seven (7) consecutive days on real property leased or rented by a landlord for residential purposes;
(18) “Utilities” means the provision of water, electricity, sewer or natural gas; and
(19) “Vehicle” means any device for carrying passengers, livestock, goods or equipment that moves on wheels and/or runners.
66-28-105. Jurisdiction and service of process.
(a) The general sessions and circuit courts of this state shall exercise original jurisdiction over any landlord or tenant with respect to any conduct in this state governed by this chapter. In addition to any other method provided by rule or by statute, personal jurisdiction over the parties may be acquired in a civil action or proceeding instituted in law or equity by service of process in the manner provided by law.
(b) A landlord who is not a resident of this state or is a corporation not authorized to do business in this state and engages in a transaction subject to this chapter may designate an agent upon whom service of process may be made in this state. The agent shall be a resident of this state or a corporation authorized to do business in this state. The designation shall be in writing, filed with the secretary of state, and must set forth the name and street address, including zip code, of the agent, the name and street address, including zip code, of the landlord and be accompanied by a ten dollar ($10.00) filing fee. If no designation is made and filed or if process cannot be served in this state upon the designated agent, process may be served upon the secretary of state forthwith by mailing a copy of the process and pleading by registered or certified mail to the defendant or respondent at that party’s last known address. The process must be accompanied by a ten dollar ($10.00) fee and specify the address of the defendant. An affidavit of service shall be filed by the secretary of state with the clerk of the court on or before the return day of the process.
66-28-106. Notice.
(a) Either party has notice of a fact if such person:
- (1) Has actual knowledge of it; or
- (2) Has been given written notice.
(b) All parties must give written notice to the last known or designated address contained in the lease agreement.
66-28-107. Residential landlord registration.
(a)
- (1) Each landlord of one (1) or more dwelling units is required to furnish the following information with the agency or department of local government that is responsible for enforcing building codes in the jurisdiction where the dwelling units are located:
- (A) The landlord or the landlord’s agent’s name, telephone number, and physical address, which does not include a post office box; and
- (B) The street address and unit number, as appropriate, for each dwelling unit that the landlord owns, leases, or subleases or has the right to own, lease, or sublease.
- (2) The information required under subdivision (a)(1) shall be furnished on a form provided by the agency or department responsible for enforcing building codes. The agency or department is authorized to collect from a landlord filing the form a fee not to exceed ten dollars ($10.00) per year.
- (3) If any information required under subdivision (a)(1) or the ownership of the dwelling units changes, the landlord who transferred the property by sale or otherwise, or the landlord’s agent, shall notify the agency or department of such change within thirty (30) days of the change in ownership.
(b)
- (1) Any landlord who fails to register or who fails to send notification of change of ownership as required by this section shall be assessed a fine in the amount of fifty dollars ($50.00) per week by the agency or department of local government that is responsible for enforcing building codes in the jurisdiction where the dwelling units are located.
- (2) Prior to the assessment of the fine, the landlord shall be given an opportunity to appear and be heard at a hearing to be held concerning the landlord’s failure to register or failure to send notification of change of ownership. A written notice of the date, time and place of the hearing shall be mailed the landlord at least fifteen (15) days prior to the scheduled hearing.
(c) This section shall only apply to any county having a metropolitan form of government and a population in excess of five hundred thousand (500,000), according to the 2000 federal census or any subsequent federal census.
66-28-108. Notification sent by e-mail.
If the tenant provides an electronic mail address in the rental agreement, any notification required to be sent to the tenant pursuant to this chapter may be made by the landlord through electronic notification to such mail address, unless a provision in this chapter requires a specific form of notification other than electronic notification; provided, however, that the landlord shall not require the tenant to provide an electronic mail address as a condition of entering into a rental agreement.
Part 2 Rental Agreements
66-28-201. Terms and conditions.
(a) The landlord and tenant may include in a rental agreement, terms and conditions not prohibited by this chapter or other rule of law including rent, term of the agreement, and other provisions governing the rights and obligations of parties. A rental agreement cannot provide that the tenant agrees to waive or forego rights or remedies under this chapter. The landlord or the landlord’s agent shall advise in writing that the landlord is not responsible for, and will not provide, fire or casualty insurance for the tenant’s personal property.
(b) In absence of a lease agreement, the tenant shall pay the reasonable value for the use and occupancy of the dwelling unit.
(c) Rent shall be payable without demand at the time and place agreed upon by the parties. Notice is specifically waived upon the nonpayment of rent by the tenant only if such a waiver is provided for in a written rental agreement. Unless otherwise agreed, rent is payable at the dwelling unit and periodic rent is payable at the beginning of any term of one (1) month or less and otherwise in equal monthly installments at the beginning of each month. Upon agreement, rent shall be uniformly apportionable from day to day.
(d) There shall be a five-day grace period beginning the day the rent was due to the day a fee for the late payment of rent may be charged. The date the rent was due shall be included in the calculation of the five-day grace period. If the last day of the five-day grace period occurs on a Sunday or legal holiday, as defined in §15-1-101, the landlord shall not impose any charge or fee for the late payment of rent; provided, that the rent is paid on the next business day. Any charge or fee, however described, which is charged by the landlord for the late payment of rent, shall not exceed ten percent (10%) of the amount of rent past due.
66-28-202. Effect of unsigned or undelivered agreement.
(a) If the landlord does not sign a written rental agreement, acceptance of rent without reservation by the landlord binds the parties on a month to month tenancy.
(b) Any person or persons taking possession without payment of rent and failing to sign a written rental agreement delivered to them by the landlord or who enter without oral agreement are deemed to be trespassers and may be evicted forthwith and may be held liable for damages and rent for the term of trespass and reasonable attorney’s fees; provided, that if such person or persons pay rent, which is accepted by the landlord, such person or persons shall become tenants of the landlord.
66-28-203. Prohibited provisions.
(a) No rental agreement may provide that the tenant:
- (1) Authorizes any person to confess judgment on a claim arising out of the rental agreement;
- (2) Agrees to the exculpation or limitation of any liability of the landlord to the tenant arising under law or to indemnify the landlord for that liability or the costs connected with such liability.
(b) A provision prohibited by subsection (a) included in an agreement is unenforceable. Should a landlord willfully provide a rental agreement containing provisions known by the landlord to be prohibited by this chapter, the tenant may recover actual damages sustained. The tenant cannot agree to waive or forego rights or remedies under this chapter.
66-28-204. Unconscionability.
(a) If the court, as a matter of law, finds:
(1) A rental agreement or any provision thereof was unconscionable when made, the court shall enforce the remainder of the agreement without the unconscionable provision, or limit the application of any unconscionable provision to avoid an unconscionable result; or
(2) A settlement in which a party waives or agrees to forego a claim or right under this chapter or under a rental agreement was unconscionable at the time it was made, the court shall enforce the remainder of the settlement without the unconscionable provision, or limit the application of any unconscionable provision to avoid the unconscionable result.
(b) If unconscionability is put into issue by a party or by the court upon its own motion, the parties shall be afforded a reasonable opportunity to present evidence as to the setting, purpose, and effect of the rental agreement or settlement to aid the court in making the determination.
(c) A provision in a rental agreement that authorizes a landlord to hold a tenant in breach of the rental agreement in accordance with §66-28-505(f) is not unconscionable and is fully enforceable.
66-28-205. Termination of residential lease by domestic abuse victim, sexual assault victim, or stalking victim.
(a) As used in this section:
- (1) “Domestic abuse victim” has the same meaning as defined in §36-3-601;
- (2) “Household member” means a member of the tenant’s family who lives in the same household as the tenant;
- (3) “Sexual assault victim” has the same meaning as defined in §36-3- 601; and
- (4) “Stalking victim” has the same meaning as defined in §36-3-601.
(b)
- (1) A tenant who meets the requirements established in this subsection (b) may terminate a residential rental or lease agreement entered into or renewed on or after July 1, 2021, upon the tenant providing the landlord with written notice stating that the tenant or household member is a domestic abuse victim, sexual assault victim, or stalking victim, regardless of whether the victim is an adult or a child. In order for a tenant to terminate the tenant’s rights and obligations under the rental or lease agreement and vacate the dwelling without liability for future rent and early termination penalties or fees, the tenant must provide the landlord with:
- (A) Written notice requesting release from the rental or lease agreement;
- (B) A mutually agreed upon release date within the next thirty (30) days from the date of the written notice; and
- (C) One (1) of the following:
- (i) A copy of a valid order of protection issued or extended pursuant to §36-3-605, following a hearing at which the court found by a preponderance of the evidence that the tenant or household member is a domestic abuse victim, sexual assault victim, or stalking victim, regardless of whether the victim is an adult or child; or
- (ii) Documentation evidencing a criminal charge of domestic abuse, sexual assault, or stalking, based on a police report reflecting that the tenant or household member was subject to domestic abuse, sexual assault, or stalking, regardless of whether the alleged victim is an adult or a child.
- (2) The documentation the tenant offers in support of the termination request must be dated no more than sixty (60) days prior to the tenant’s notice to the landlord.
- (3)
- (A) Unless otherwise required by law or a court of competent jurisdiction, a landlord shall not reveal any identifying information concerning a tenant who has terminated a rental or lease agreement pursuant to this subsection (b) without the written consent of the tenant.
- (B) As used in this subdivision (b)(3), “identifying information” means any information that could reasonably be used to locate the former tenant or household member, including a home or work address, telephone number, or social security number.
- (4) The tenant shall vacate the premises within thirty (30) days of giving notice to the landlord or at any other time as may be agreed upon by the landlord and the tenant.
(c) A tenant terminating the rental or lease agreement pursuant to this section is responsible for:
- (1) The rent payment for the full month in which the tenancy terminates; and
- (2) The previous obligations outstanding on the termination date.
(d) This section does not:
- (1) Release other parties to the rental or lease agreement from the obligation under the rental or lease agreement;
- (2) Authorize the landlord to terminate the tenancy and cause the eviction of a residential tenant solely because the tenant or a household member is a domestic abuse victim, sexual assault victim, or stalking victim, regardless of whether the victim is an adult or child; or
- (3) Authorize the landlord or tenant, by agreement, to waive or modify any provision of this section other than subdivision (b)(4).
Part 3 Landlord Obligations
66-28-301. Security deposits.
(a) All landlords of residential property requiring security deposits prior to occupancy are required to deposit all tenants’ security deposits in an account used only for that purpose, in any bank or other lending institution subject to regulation by the state or any agency of the United States government.
(b) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b)(2)(B), the tenant shall have the right to inspect the premises to determine the tenant’s liability for physical damages that are the basis for any charge against the security deposit. An inspection of the premises to determine the tenant’s liability for physical damages that are the basis for any charge against the security deposit and the landlord’s estimated costs to repair such damage shall be conducted as follows:
- (1)
- (A) Upon request by the landlord for a tenant to vacate or within five (5) days after receipt by the landlord of written notice of the tenant’s intent to vacate, the landlord may provide notice to the tenant of the tenant’s right to be present at the inspection of the premises. Such notice may advise the tenant that the tenant may request a time of inspection to be set by the landlord during normal working hours. The landlord may require the inspection to be after the tenant has completely vacated the premises and is ready to surrender possession and return all means of access to the entire premises; provided, that the inspection shall be either on the day the tenant completely vacates the premises or within four (4) calendar days of the tenant vacating the premises. If the landlord provides written notice of the tenant’s right to be present at the landlord’s inspection and the tenant schedules an inspection, but fails to attend such inspection, the tenant waives the right to contest any damages found by the landlord as a result of such inspection by the landlord; provided, that notice of the tenant’s waiver upon such circumstances is set out in the rental agreement.
- (B) If a tenant requests a mutual inspection as provided in subdivision (b)(1)(A), the landlord and tenant shall then inspect the premises and compile a comprehensive listing of any presently ascertainable damage to the unit that is the basis for any charge against the security deposit and the estimated dollar cost of repairing the damage. The landlord and tenant shall sign the listing. Except as provided in subsection (g), the signatures of the landlord and the tenant on the listing shall be conclusive evidence of the accuracy of the listing. If the tenant refuses to sign the listing, the tenant shall state specifically in writing the items on the list to which the tenant dissents.
- (2)
- (A) If the tenant has acted in any manner set out in subdivisions (b)(2)(B)(i)-(vi), the landlord may inspect the premises and compile a comprehensive listing of any presently ascertainable damage to the unit that is the basis for any charge against the security deposit and the estimated dollar cost of repairing the damage without providing the tenant an opportunity to inspect the premises; provided, that the landlord provides a written copy, sent by certificate of mailing to the tenant, of the listing of any damages and estimated cost of repairs to the tenant upon the tenant’s written request.
- (B) The tenant shall not have a right to inspect the premises as provided in this section if the tenant has:
- (i) Vacated the rental premises without giving written notice;
- (ii) Abandoned the premises;
- (iii) Been judicially removed from the premises;
- (iv) Not contacted the landlord after the landlord’s notice of right to mutual inspection of the premises;
- (v) Failed to appear at the arranged time of inspection as provided in subdivision (b)(1); or
- (vi) If the tenant has not requested a mutual inspection pursuant to subsection (b) or is otherwise inaccessible to the landlord.
(c) No landlord shall be entitled to retain any portion of a security deposit if the security deposit was not deposited in an account as required by subsection (a) and a listing of damages is not provided as required by subsection (b).
(d) A tenant who disputes the accuracy of the final damage listing given pursuant to subsection (b) may bring an action in a circuit or general sessions court of competent jurisdiction of this state. The tenant’s claim shall be limited to those items from which the tenant specifically dissented in accordance with the listing or specifically dissented in accordance with subsection (b); otherwise the tenant shall not be entitled to recover any damages under this section.
(e) Should a tenant vacate the premises with unpaid rent or other amounts due and owing, the landlord may remove the deposit from the account and apply the moneys to the unpaid debt.
(f) In the event the tenant leaves not owing rent and having any refund due, the landlord shall send notification to the last known or reasonably determinable address, of the amount of any refund due the tenant. In the event the landlord shall not have received a response from the tenant within sixty (60) days from the sending of such notification, the landlord may remove the deposit from the account and retain it free from any claim of the tenant or any person claiming in the tenant’s behalf.
(g) Nothing in this section precludes the landlord from recovering the costs of any and all contractual damages to which the landlord may be entitled, plus the cost of any additional physical damages to the premises that are discovered after an inspection that has been completed pursuant to subsection (b); provided, however, that costs of any physical damage to the premises may only be recovered if the damage was discovered by the landlord prior to the earlier of:
- (1) Thirty (30) days after the tenant vacated or abandoned the premises; or
- (2) Seven (7) days after a new tenant takes possession of the premises.
(h) Notwithstanding subsection (a), all landlords of residential property shall be required to notify their tenants at the time such persons sign the lease and submit the security deposit, of the location of the account required to be maintained pursuant to this section, but shall not be required to provide the account number to such persons.
66-28-302. Address of landlord or agent.
(a) The landlord or any person authorized to enter into a rental agreement on the landlord’s behalf shall disclose to the tenant in writing at or before the commencement of the tenancy the name and address of:
- (1) The agent authorized to manage the premises; and
- (2) An owner of the premises or a person or agent authorized to act for and on behalf of the owner for the acceptance of service of process and for receipt of notices and demands.
(b) The information required to be furnished by this section shall be kept current and this section extends to and is enforceable against any successor landlord, owner or manager.
(c) A person who fails to comply with subsection (a) becomes an agent of each person who is a landlord for the purpose of service of process and receiving and receipting for notices and demands.
66-28-303. Possession of dwelling.
At the commencement of the terms, the landlord shall deliver possession of the premises to the tenant in compliance with the rental agreement and §66-28-304. The landlord may bring an action for possession against any person wrongfully in possession and may recover the damages provided in §66-28-512(c).
66-28-304. Maintenance by landlord.
(a) The landlord shall:
- (1) Comply with requirements of applicable building and housing codes materially affecting health and safety;
- (2) Make all repairs and do whatever is necessary to put and keep the premises in a fit and habitable condition;
- (3) Keep all common areas of the premises in a clean and safe condition; and
- (4) In multi-unit complexes of four (4) or more units, provide and maintain appropriate receptacles and conveniences for the removal of ashes, garbage, rubbish and other waste from common points of collection subject to §66-28-401(3).
(b) If the duty imposed by subdivision (a)(1) is greater than any duty imposed by any other paragraph of subsection (a), the landlord’s duty shall be determined by reference to subdivision (a)(1).
(c) The landlord and tenant may agree in writing that the tenant perform specified repairs, maintenance tasks, alterations, and remodeling, but only if the transaction is entered into in good faith and not for the purpose of evading the obligations of the landlord.
(d) The landlord may not treat performance of the separate agreement described in subsection (c) as a condition to any obligation or performance of any rental agreement.
66-28-305. Limitation of landlord’s liability.
Unless otherwise agreed, a landlord who conveys premises that include a dwelling unit subject to a rental agreement in a good faith sale to a bona fide purchaser, landlord or agent, or both, is relieved of liability under the rental agreement and this chapter as to events occurring subsequent to written notice to the tenant of the conveyance and transfer of the security deposit to the bona fide purchaser.
Part 4 Tenant Obligations
66-28-401. General maintenance and conduct obligations.
The tenant shall:
- (1) Comply with all obligations primarily imposed upon tenants by applicable provisions of building and housing codes materially affecting health and safety;
- (2) Keep that part of the premises that the tenant occupies and uses as clean and safe as the condition of the premises when the tenant took possession;
- (3) Dispose from the tenant’s dwelling unit all ashes, rubbish, garbage, and other waste to the designated collection areas and into receptacles;
- (4) Not deliberately or negligently destroy, deface, damage, impair or remove any part of the premises or permit any person to do so; and shall not engage in any illegal conduct on the premises; and
- (5) Act and require other persons on the premises, with the tenant’s or other occupants’ consent, to act in a manner that will not disturb the neighbors’ peaceful enjoyment of the premises.
66-28-402. Rules and regulations.
(a) A landlord, from time to time, may adopt rules or regulations, however described, concerning the tenant’s use and occupancy of the premises. It is enforceable against the tenant only if:
- (1) Its purpose is to promote the convenience, safety, or welfare of the tenants in the premises, preserve the landlord’s property from abusive use, or make a fair distribution of services and facilities held out for the tenants generally;
- (2) It is reasonably related to the purpose for which it is adopted;
- (3) It applies to all tenants in the premises;
- (4) It is sufficiently explicit in its prohibition, direction, or limitation of the tenant’s conduct to fairly inform the tenant of what the tenant must or must not do to comply;
- (5) It is not for the purpose of evading the obligations of the landlord; and
- (6) The tenant has notice of it at the time the tenant enters into the rental agreement.
(b) A rule or regulation adopted after the tenant enters into the rental agreement is enforceable against the tenant if reasonable notice of its adoption is given to the tenant and it does not work a substantial modification of the rental agreement.
66-28-403. Access by landlord.
(a) The tenant shall not unreasonably withhold consent to the landlord to enter onto the premises, including entering into the dwelling unit, in order to inspect the premises, make necessary or agreed repairs, decorations, alterations, or improvements, supply necessary or agreed services, or exhibit the premises to prospective or actual purchasers, mortgagees, workers or contractors.
(b) The landlord may enter the premises without consent of the tenant in case of emergency. “Emergency” means a sudden, generally unexpected occurrence or set of circumstances demanding immediate action.
(c) Where no known emergency exists, if any utilities have been turned off due to no fault of the landlord, the landlord shall be permitted to enter the premises. The landlord may inspect the premises to ascertain any damages to the premises and make necessary repairs of damages resulting from the lack of utilities.
(d) The landlord shall not abuse the right of access or use it to harass the tenant.
(e) The landlord has no right of access to the premises except:
- (1) By court order;
- (2) As permitted by this section, §66-28-506 and §66-28-507(b);
- (3) If the tenant has abandoned or surrendered the premises;
- (4) If the tenant is deceased, incapacitated or incarcerated; or
- (5) Within the final thirty (30) days of the termination of the rental agreement for the purpose of showing the premises to prospective tenants; provided, that such right of access is set forth in the rental agreement and notice is given to the tenant at least twenty-four (24) hours prior to entry.
66-28-404. Use and occupation by tenant.
Unless otherwise agreed, the tenant shall occupy the dwelling unit only as a dwelling unit. The rental agreement may require that the tenant notify the landlord of any anticipated extended absence from the premises in excess of seven (7) days. Notice shall be given on or before the first day of any extended absence.
66-28-405. Abandonment.
(a) The tenant’s unexplained or extended absence from the premises for thirty (30) days or more without payment of rent as due shall be prima facie evidence of abandonment. The landlord is then expressly authorized to reenter and take possession of the premises.
(b)
- (1) The tenant’s nonpayment of rent for fifteen (15) days past the rental due date, together with other reasonable factual circumstances indicating the tenant has permanently vacated the premises, including, but not limited to, the removal by the tenant of substantially all of the tenant’s possessions and personal effects from the premises, or the tenant’s voluntary termination of utility service to the premises, shall also be prima facie evidence of abandonment.
- (2) In cases described in subdivision (b)(1), the landlord shall post notice at the rental premises and shall also send the notice to the tenant by regular mail, postage prepaid, at the rental premises address. The notice shall state that:
- (A) The landlord has reason to believe that the tenant has abandoned the premises;
- (B) The landlord intends to reenter and take possession of the premises, unless the tenant contacts the landlord within ten (10) days of the posting and mailing of the notice;
- (C) If the tenant does not contact the landlord within the ten-day period, the landlord intends to remove any and all possessions and personal effects remaining in or on the premises and to rerent the dwelling unit; and
- (D) If the tenant does not reclaim the possessions and personal effects within thirty (30) days of the landlord taking possession of the possessions and personal effects, the landlord intends to dispose of the tenant’s possessions and personal effects as provided for in subsection (c).
- (3) The notice shall also include a telephone number and a mailing address at which the landlord may be contacted.
- (4) If the tenant fails to contact the landlord within ten (10) days of the posting and mailing of the notice, the landlord may reenter and take possession of the premises. If the tenant contacts the landlord within ten (10) days of the posting and mailing of the notice and indicates the tenant’s intention to remain in possession of the rental premises, the landlord shall comply with the provisions of this chapter relative to termination of tenancy and recovery of possession of the premises through judicial process.
(c) When proceeding under either subsection (a) or (b), the landlord shall remove the tenant’s possessions and personal effects from the premises and store the personal possessions and personal effects for not less than thirty (30) days. The tenant may reclaim the possessions and personal effects from the landlord within the thirty-day period. If the tenant does not reclaim the possessions and personal effects within the thirty-day period, the landlord may sell or otherwise dispose of the tenant’s possessions and personal effects and apply the proceeds of the sale to the unpaid rents, damages, storage fees, sale costs and attorney’s fees. Any balances are to be held by the landlord for a period of six (6) months after the sale.
66-28-406. Exception to
policy prohibiting or limiting, or requiring payment for, animals or pets for tenant or prospective tenant with disability who requires use of service animal or support animal.
(a) As used in this section:
- (1) “Disability” means:
- (A) A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one (1) or more major life activities;
- (B) A record of an impairment described in subdivision (a)(1)(A); or
- (C) Being regarded as having an impairment described in subdivision (a)(1)(A);
- (2) “Health care” means any care, treatment, service, or procedure to maintain, diagnose, or treat an individual’s physical or mental condition;
- (3) “Healthcare provider” means a person who is licensed, certified, or otherwise authorized or permitted by the laws of any state to administer health care in the ordinary course of business or practice of a profession;
- (4) “Reliable documentation” means written documentation provided by:
- (A) A healthcare provider with actual knowledge of an individual’s disability;
- (B) An individual or entity with a valid, unrestricted license, certification, or registration to serve persons with disabilities with actual knowledge of an individual’s disability; or
- (C) A caregiver, reliable third party, or a governmental entity with actual knowledge of an individual’s disability;
- (5) “Service animal” means a dog or miniature horse that has been individually trained to work or perform tasks for an individual with a disability; and
- (6) “Support animal” means an animal selected to accompany an individual with a disability that has been prescribed or recommended by a healthcare provider to work, provide assistance, or perform tasks for the benefit of the individual with a disability, or provide emotional support that alleviates one (1) or more identified symptoms or effects of the individual’s disability.
(b) A tenant or prospective tenant with a disability who requires the use of a service animal or support animal may request an exception to a landlord’s policy that prohibits or limits animals or pets on the premises or that requires any payment by a tenant to have an animal or pet on the premises.
(c) A landlord who receives a request made under subsection (b) from a tenant or prospective tenant may ask that the individual, whose disability is not readily apparent or known to the landlord, submit reliable documentation of a disability and the disability-related need for a service animal or support animal. If the disability is readily apparent or known but the disability-related need for the service animal or support animal is not, then the landlord may ask the individual to submit reliable documentation of the disability-related need for a service animal or support animal.
(d) A landlord who receives reliable documentation under subsection (c) may verify the reliable documentation. However, nothing in this subsection (d) authorizes a landlord to obtain confidential or protected medical records or confidential or protected medical information concerning a tenant’s or prospective tenant’s disability.
(e) A landlord may deny a request made under subsection (b) if a tenant or prospective tenant fails to provide accurate, reliable documentation that meets the requirements of subsection (c), after the landlord requests the reliable documentation.
(f)
- (1) It is deemed to be material noncompliance and default by the tenant with the rental agreement, if the tenant:
- (A) Misrepresents that there is a disability or disability-related need for the use of a service animal or support animal; or
- (B) Provides documentation under subsection (c) that falsely states an animal is a service animal or support animal.
- (2) In the event of any violation of subdivision (f)(1), the landlord may terminate the tenancy and recover damages, including, but not limited to, reasonable attorney’s fees.
(g) Notwithstanding any other law to the contrary, a landlord is not liable for injuries by a person’s service animal or support animal permitted on the premises as a reasonable accommodation to assist the person with a disability pursuant to the Fair Housing Act, as amended, (42 U.S.C. §§3601 et seq.); the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. §§12101 et seq.); Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, (29 U.S.C. §701); or any other federal, state, or local law.
(h) Only to the extent it conflicts with federal or state law, this section does not apply to public housing units owned by a governmental entity.
Part 5 Enforcement and Remedies
66-28-501. Noncompliance with rental agreement by landlord.
(a) Except as provided in this chapter, the tenant may recover damages, obtain injunctive relief and recover reasonable attorney’s fees for any noncompliance by the landlord with the rental agreement or any section of this chapter upon giving fourteen (14) days’ written notice.
(b) If the rental agreement is terminated for noncompliance after sufficient notice, the landlord shall return all prepaid rent and security deposits recoverable by the tenant under §66-28-301.
66-28-502. Failure to supply essential services.
(a)
- (1) If the landlord deliberately or negligently fails to supply essential services, the tenant shall give written notice to the landlord specifying the breach and may do one (1) of the following:
- (A) Procure essential services during the period of the landlord’s noncompliance and deduct their actual and reasonable costs from the rent;
- (B) Recover damages based upon the diminution in the fair rental value of the dwelling unit, provided tenant continues to occupy premises; or
- (C) Procure reasonable substitute housing during the period of the landlord’s noncompliance, in which case the tenant is excused from paying rent for the period of the landlord’s noncompliance.
- (2) In addition to the remedy provided in subdivision (a)(1)(C), the tenant may recover the actual and reasonable value of the substitute housing and in any case under this subsection (a), reasonable attorney’s fees.
- (3) “Essential services” means utility services, including gas, heat, electricity, and any other obligations imposed upon the landlord which materially affect the health and safety of the tenant.
(b) A tenant who proceeds under this section may not proceed under §66-28-501 or §66-28-503 as to that breach.
(c) The rights under this section do not arise until the tenant has given written notice to the landlord and has shown that the condition was not caused by the deliberate or negligent act or omission of the tenant, a member of the tenant’s family, or other person on the premises with the tenant’s consent.
66-28-503. Fire or casualty damage.
(a) If the dwelling unit or premises are damaged or destroyed by fire or casualty to an extent that the use of the dwelling unit is substantially impaired, the tenant:
- (1) May immediately vacate the premises; and
- (2) Shall notify the landlord in writing within fourteen (14) days thereafter of the tenant’s intention to terminate the rental agreement, in which case the rental agreement terminates as of the date of vacating.
(b) If the dwelling unit or premises are damaged or destroyed by fire or casualty to an extent that restoring the dwelling unit or premises to its undamaged condition requires the tenant to vacate the premises, the landlord is authorized to terminate the rental agreement within fourteen (14) days of providing written notice to the tenant.
(c) If the rental agreement is terminated, the landlord shall return all prepaid rent and security deposits recoverable under §66-28-301. If the tenant vacates pursuant to this section, accounting for rent is to occur as of the date the tenant returns the keys to the landlord or has, in fact, vacated the dwelling unit or premises whichever date is earlier.
66-28-504. Unlawful ouster, exclusion, or diminution of service.
If the landlord unlawfully removes or excludes the tenant from the premises or willfully diminishes services to the tenant by interrupting essential services as provided in the rental agreement to the tenant, the tenant may recover possession or terminate the rental agreement and, in either case, recover actual damages sustained by the tenant, and punitive damages when appropriate, plus a reasonable attorney’s fee. If the rental agreement is terminated under this section, the landlord shall return all prepaid rent and security deposits.
66-28-505. Noncompliance by tenant — Failure to pay rent.
(a)
- (1) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), if there is a material noncompliance by the tenant with the rental agreement or a noncompliance with §66-28-401 materially affecting health and safety, the landlord may deliver a written notice to the tenant specifying the acts and omissions constituting the breach and that the rental agreement shall terminate as provided in subdivisions (a)(2) or (a)(3).
- (2) If the breach for which notice was given in subdivision (a)(1) is remediable by the payment of rent, the cost of repairs, damages, or any other amount due to the landlord pursuant to the rental agreement, the landlord may inform the tenant that if the breach is not remedied within fourteen (14) days after receipt of such notice, the rental agreement shall terminate, subject to the following:
- (A) All repairs to be made by the tenant to remedy the tenant’s breach must be requested in writing by the tenant and authorized in writing by the landlord prior to such repairs being made; provided, however, that the notice sent pursuant to this subdivision (a)(2) shall inform the tenant that prior written authorization must be given by the landlord to the tenant pursuant to this subdivision (a)(2)(A); and
- (B) If substantially the same act or omission which constituted a prior noncompliance of which notice was given recurs within six (6) months, the landlord may terminate the rental agreement upon at least seven (7) days’ written notice specifying the breach and the date of termination of the rental agreement.
- (3) If the breach for which notice was given in subdivision (a)(1) is not remediable by the payment of rent, the cost of repairs, damages, or any other amount due to the landlord pursuant to the rental agreement, the landlord may inform the tenant that the rental agreement shall terminate upon a date not less than fourteen (14) days after receipt of the notice.
- (4) Nothing in subdivision (a)(2) or (a)(3) shall be construed as requiring a landlord to provide additional notice to the tenant other than the notice required by this section.
(b) Notwithstanding subsection (a), if the tenant waives any notice required by this section, the landlord may proceed to file a detainer warrant immediately upon breach of the agreement for failure to pay rent without the landlord providing notice of such breach to the tenant; provided, however, that this subsection (b) shall not reduce the tenant’s grace period as provided in §66-28-201. The tenant’s waiver pursuant to this subsection (b) shall be set out in twelve (12) point bold font or larger in the rental agreement.
(c) Notwithstanding notice of a breach or the filing of a detainer warrant pursuant to this section, the rental agreement is enforceable by the landlord for the collection of rent for the remaining term of the rental agreement.
(d) Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, the landlord may recover damages and obtain injunctive relief for any noncompliance by the tenant with the rental agreement or §66-28-401. The landlord may recover reasonable attorney’s fees for breach of contract and nonpayment of rent as provided in the rental agreement.
(e) The landlord may recover punitive damages from the tenant for willful destruction of property caused by the tenant or by any other person on the premises with the tenant’s consent.
(f)
- (1) It is deemed to be material noncompliance and default by the tenant with the rental agreement, if the tenant:
- (A) Misrepresents that there is a disability or disability-related need for the use of a service animal or support animal; or
- (B) Provides documentation under §66-28-406(c) that falsely states an animal is a service animal or support animal.
- (2) As used in this subsection (f), “service animal” and “support animal” have the same meanings as the terms are defined in §66-28-406(a).
- (3) In the event of any violation under subdivision (f)(1), the landlord may terminate the tenancy and recover damages, including, but not limited to, reasonable attorney’s fees.
- (4) Only to the extent it conflicts with federal or state law, this subsection (f) does not apply to public housing units owned by a governmental entity.
66-28-506. Failure of tenant to maintain dwelling.
If there is noncompliance by the tenant with §66-28-401 materially affecting health and safety that can be remedied by repair, replacement of a damaged item or cleaning, and the tenant fails to comply as promptly as conditions require in case of emergency or within fourteen (14) days after written notice by the landlord specifying the breach and requesting that the tenant remedy it within that period of time, the landlord may enter the dwelling unit and cause the work to be done in a workmanlike manner and submit an itemized bill for the actual and reasonable cost or the fair and reasonable value thereof as rent on the next date when periodic rent is due, or if the rental agreement has terminated, for immediate payment.
66-28-507. Absence, nonuse or abandonment by tenant.
(a) If the rental agreement requires the tenant to give notice to the landlord of an anticipated extended absence in excess of seven (7) days as required in §66-28-404 and the tenant willfully fails to do so, the landlord may recover actual damages from the tenant.
(b) During any absence of the tenant in excess of seven (7) days, the landlord may enter the dwelling unit at times reasonably necessary.
(c) If the tenant abandons the dwelling unit, the landlord shall use reasonable efforts to rerent the dwelling unit at a fair rental. If the landlord rents the dwelling unit for a term beginning prior to the expiration of the rental agreement, the rental agreement is terminated as of the date of the new tenancy. If the tenancy is from month-to-month, or week-to-week, the term of the rental agreement for this purpose shall be deemed to be a month or a week, as the case may be.
66-28-508. Waiver of landlord’s right to terminate.
If the landlord accepts rent without reservation and with knowledge of a tenant default, the landlord by such acceptance condones the default and thereby waives such landlord’s right and is estopped from terminating the rental agreement as to that breach.
66-28-509. Landlord liens.
A contracted lien or security interest on behalf of the landlord in the tenant’s household goods shall not be enforceable unless perfected by a Uniform Commercial Code filing with the secretary of state. All other liens are hereby expressly prohibited under this chapter. The landlord shall be responsible for releasing the lien at expiration or termination of the lease.
66-28-510. Landlord’s remedy after termination.
If the rental agreement is terminated, the landlord may have a claim for possession and for rent and a separate claim for actual damages for breach of the rental agreement and reasonable attorney’s fees.
66-28-511. Recovery of possession by landlord limited.
A landlord may not recover or take possession of the dwelling unit by action or otherwise, including willful diminution of services to the tenant by interrupting or causing the interruption of electric, gas, water or other essential service to the tenant, except in case of abandonment, surrender, or as permitted in this chapter.
66-28-512. Termination of periodic tenancy — Holdover remedies.
(a) The landlord or the tenant may terminate a week-to-week tenancy by a written notice given to the other at least ten (10) days prior to the termination date specified in the notice.
(b) The landlord or the tenant may terminate a month-to-month tenancy by a written notice given to the other at least thirty (30) days prior to the periodic rental date specified in the notice.
(c) If a tenant remains in possession without the landlord’s consent after expiration of the term of the rental agreement or its termination, the landlord may bring an action for possession, back rent and reasonable attorney’s fees as well as any other damages provided for in the lease. If the tenant’s holdover is willful and not in good faith, the landlord, in addition, may also recover actual damages sustained by the landlord, plus reasonable attorney’s fees. If the landlord consents to the tenant’s continued occupancy, §66-28-201(c) shall apply.
66-28-513. Remedies for abuse of access.
(a) If the tenant refuses to allow lawful access, the landlord may obtain injunctive relief to compel access, or terminate the rental agreement. In either case, the landlord may recover actual damages and reasonable attorney’s fees.
(b) If the landlord makes an unlawful entry or a lawful entry in an unreasonable manner or makes repeated demands for entry otherwise lawful but which have the effect of unreasonably harassing the tenant, the tenant may obtain injunctive relief to prevent the recurrence of the conduct, or terminate the rental agreement. In either case, the tenant may recover actual damages and reasonable attorney’s fees.
66-28-514. Retaliatory conduct prohibited.
(a) Except as provided in this section, a landlord may not retaliate by increasing rent or decreasing services or by bringing or threatening to bring an action for possession because the tenant:
- (1) Has complained to the landlord of a violation under §66-28-301; or
- (2) Has made use of remedies provided under this chapter.
(b)
- (1) Notwithstanding subsection (a), a landlord may bring an action for possession if:
- (A) The violation of the applicable building or housing code was caused primarily by lack of reasonable care by the tenant or other person in the tenant’s household or upon the premises with the tenant’s consent;
- (B) The tenant is in default in rent; or
- (C) Compliance with the applicable building or housing code requires alteration, remodeling, or demolition which would effectively deprive the tenant of use of the dwelling unit.
- (2) The maintenance of the action does not release the landlord from liability under §66-28-501(b).
66-28-515. Administration of remedies — Enforcement.
(a) The remedies provided by this chapter shall be so administered that the aggrieved party may recover lawful damages. The aggrieved party has an obligation and duty to mitigate damages.
(b) Any right or obligation declared by this chapter is enforceable by legal action unless the provision declaring it specifies a different and limited effect.
66-28-516. Obligation of good faith.
Every duty under this chapter and every act which must be performed as a condition precedent to the exercise of a right or remedy under this chapter imposes an obligation of good faith in its performance or enforcement.
66-28-517. Termination by landlord for violence or threats to health, safety, or welfare of persons or property.
(a) A landlord may terminate a rental agreement within three (3) days from the date written notice is received by the tenant if the tenant or any other person on the premises with the tenant’s consent:
- (1) Willfully or intentionally commits a violent act;
- (2) Behaves in a manner which constitutes or threatens to be a real and present danger to the health, safety or welfare of the life or property of other tenants or persons on the premises;
- (3) Creates a hazardous or unsanitary condition on the property that affects the health, safety or welfare or the life or property of other tenants or persons on the premises; or
- (4) Refuses to vacate the premises after entering the premises as an unauthorized subtenant or other unauthorized occupant.
(b) The notice required by this section shall specifically detail the violation which has been committed and shall be effective only from the date of receipt of the notice by the tenant.
(c) Upon receipt of such written notice, the tenant shall be entitled to immediate access to any court of competent jurisdiction for the purpose of obtaining a temporary or permanent injunction against such termination by the landlord.
(d) Nothing in this section shall be construed to allow a landlord to recover or take possession of the dwelling unit by action or otherwise including willful diminution of services to the tenant by interrupting or causing interruption of electric, gas or other essential service to the tenant except in the case of abandonment or surrender.
(e) If the landlord’s action in terminating the lease under this provision is willful and not in good faith, the tenant may in addition recover actual damages sustained by the tenant plus reasonable attorney’s fees.
(f) The failure to bring an action for or to obtain an injunction may not be used as evidence in any action to recover possession of the dwelling unit.
(g)
- (1) If domestic abuse, as defined in §36-3-601, is the underlying offense for which a tenancy is terminated, only the perpetrator may be evicted. The landlord shall not evict the victims, minor children under eighteen (18) years of age, or innocent occupants, any of whom occupy the subject premises under a lease agreement, based solely on the domestic abuse. Even if evicted or removed from the lease, the perpetrator shall remain financially liable for all amounts due under all terms and conditions of the present lease agreement.
- (2) If a lease agreement is in effect at the time that the domestic abuse is committed, the landlord may remove the perpetrator from the lease agreement and require the remaining adult tenants to qualify for and enter into a new agreement for the remainder of the present lease term. The landlord shall not be responsible for any and all damages suffered by the perpetrator due to the bifurcation and termination of the lease agreement in accordance with this section.
- (3) If domestic abuse, as defined in §36-3-601, is the underlying offense for which tenancy could be terminated, the victim and all adult tenants shall agree, in writing, not to allow the perpetrator to return to the subject premises or any part of the community property, and to immediately report the perpetrator’s return to the proper authority, for the remainder of the tenancy. A violation of such agreement shall be cause to terminate tenancy as to any victim and all other tenants.
- (4) The rights under this section shall not apply until the victim has been judicially granted an order of protection against the perpetrator for the specific incident for which tenancy is being terminated, a copy of such order has been provided to the landlord, and the order:
- (A) Provides for the perpetrator to move out or vacate immediately;
- (B) Prohibits the perpetrator from coming by or to a shared residence;
- (C) Requires that the perpetrator stay away from the victim’s residence; or
- (D) Finds that the perpetrator’s continuing to reside in the rented or leased premises may jeopardize the life, health, and safety of the victim or the victim’s minor children.
- (5) Failure to comply with this section, or dismissal of an order of protection that allows application of this section, abrogates the rights provided to the victim, minor children, and innocent occupants under this section.
- (6) The rights granted in this section shall not apply in any situation where the perpetrator is a child or dependent of any tenant.
- (7) Nothing in this section shall prohibit the eviction of a victim of domestic abuse for non-payment of rent, a lease violation, or any violation of this chapter.
66-28-519. Towing of vehicles.
(a) A landlord may have the following vehicles towed or otherwise removed from real property leased or rented by such landlord for residential purposes, upon giving a ten-day written notice by posting the same upon the subject vehicle:
- (1) A vehicle with one (1) or more flat or missing tires;
- (2) A vehicle unable to operate under its own power;
- (3) A vehicle with a missing or broken windshield or more than one (1) broken or missing window;
- (4) A vehicle with one (1) or more missing fenders or bumpers; or
- (5) A motor vehicle that has not been in compliance with all applicable local or state laws relative to titling, licensing, operation, and registration for more than thirty (30) days.
(b) If the owner of the vehicle is not present, then prior to removing the vehicle pursuant to this section, the person, firm or entity that actually tows the vehicle shall notify local law enforcement of the vehicle identification number (VIN), registration information, license plate number and description of the vehicle. Local law enforcement shall keep a record of all such information which shall be available for public inspection.
66-28-520. Towing of nuisance vehicles.
Any nuisance vehicle located on or about the premises of real property that has been leased or rented for residential purposes may be towed or otherwise removed from such premises by the landlord upon giving twenty-four (24) hours written notice by posting the same upon the subject vehicle.
66-28-521. Termination of utility services.
If a written rental agreement requires the tenant to have utility services placed in the tenant’s name and the tenant fails to do so within three (3) days of occupancy of the rented premises, the landlord may have such utility services terminated if the existing utility service is in the name of the landlord.
66-28-522. Testimony of manager against tenant.
Notwithstanding a rental agreement to the contrary, a manager may testify against a tenant under this chapter in the same manner as a landlord or owner.
Citation
@online{johnson2021,
author = {Johnson, Sarah},
title = {URLTA},
date = {2021-11-10},
url = {https://sarahjohnson.io/posts/URLTA.html},
langid = {en}
}